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Nov 3, 2021 - Default    No Comments

圣约神学 vs. 时代论

圣约神学时代论的信徒都是:
  • 信靠基督为救主
  • 相信圣经是神的话语
时代论 Dispensationalism:
  • 不同命运的两种人:
    • 以色列 = 在地上的子民
    • 教会 = 在天上的子民
  • 一连串的时代 = 历史时期 = 神的考验和人的失败
圣约神学 Covenant Theology:
  • 同一群人:
    • 以色列 = 在旧约中的时候
    • 教会 = 在新约中的时候
  • 同一救赎
  • 一连串的圣约
  • 圣经的合一性 (Unity in Scripture)
Nov 1, 2021 - Default    No Comments

基督徒与非信徒心中的律法的区别

Q: Since unbelievers already have “the work of the law” written on the hearts (Rom. 2:14-15), what did God mean that He will put His law within believers and write it on their hearts (Jer. 31:33)?

罗马书 Romans 2:14-15
没有律法的外邦人,若顺着本性行律法上的事 (by nature do what the law requires),他们虽然没有律法,自己就是自己的律法。这是显出律法的功用刻在他们心里 (They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts),…

耶利米书 Jeremiah 31:33
“我要将我的律法放在他们里面,写在他们心上。”
“I will put my law within them (in their minds, in their inward parts), and I will write it on their hearts.”

以西结书 Ezekiel 36:26-27, also 11:19-20
“我也要赐给你们一个新心 (new heart),将新灵 (new spirit) 放在你们里面,又从你们的肉体中除掉石心 (heart of stone),赐给你们肉心 (heart of flesh)。我必将我的灵 (my Spirit) 放在你们里面,使你们 (cause you) 顺从我的律例,谨守遵行我的典章。”


Internalization of the law into the heart
“It means that under the New Covenant, the law will be internalized within believers to a degree that was not experienced by Israel under the Old Covenant (internalized in the sense that God’s people will know, love, and obey his law).” — Dr. James Anderson

“The two “writings” are not the same kind. (Remember, too, that “writing” is metaphorical in both cases!) The first “writing” is the general revelation of God’s moral law in the conscience. It’s what theologians often call “natural law.” But that has been distorted and corrupted by sin. The second “writing” refers to the renewing work of the Holy Spirit in regenerate believers, resulting not only in a clearer knowledge and understanding of God’s moral law, but also delighting in it and empowerment to obey it. Also, as I noted earlier, this is more accentuated under the New Covenant compared with the Old.” — Dr. James Anderson

Background
The internalization of the law was God’s ideal for his people throughout OT history (e.g. Deut. 6:6; 10:16; 11:18; 30:6; Pss. 37:31; 119:34; Isa. 51:7) and was often obtained (Deut. 30:11-14; 2 Kings 23:25; 2 Chr. 31:21; Ps. 40:8; 119:11). Many times prior to Christ, it is apparent that the law of God regulated the lives of the people of Israel as little more than an external code. Obedience often came reluctantly and resulted from external pressures.

Already and Not Yet
The NT speaks this way because the promise of complete internalization of the law of God has begun within believers, but it has not yet been completed. There is a sense in which the hearts and minds of believers have been renewed by God’s grace (Rom. 12:1-2). At the same time, however, we are also commanded by NT writers to observe guidance from the Scriptures and to watch for corruption in our thinking (e.g. Rom. 1:18-2:29; Eph. 4:17-32; 2 Pet. 3:17). Everyone in the new creation after Christ’s return will have the law of God written on his or her heart. We will all love and delight in his ways, just as Christ already does (2 Cor. 3:16-18; 1 Thess. 3:11-13). In this sense, we expect Jeremiah’s prophecy to find complete fulfillment when Christ returns.


Oct 31, 2021 - Default    No Comments

教导孩子

If we teach children that they can love the things in the world and love God, one day they’ll love the world and leave God.
如果我们教导孩子,他们可以爱世界上的事物又爱上帝,有一天他们会爱世界而离开上帝。
Oct 31, 2021 - Default    No Comments

爱因斯坦 Albert Einstein 的名言

“所有困难的问题,答案都在另外一个层次上,同一层次的问题,很难靠同一层次的思考来解决。”
“The significant problems we have cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them. … No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it.”
“我没有什么特殊才能。我只是非常好奇而已。”
“I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.”
“衡量智力的标准” 是 “改变的能力”。
“The measure of intelligence is the ability to change.”
“并不是我很聪明,而是我花更多时间停留在问题上面。”
“It is not that I’m so smart. But I stay with the questions much longer.”
“如果我有一个小时来解决一个问题,我会花55分钟思考这个问题,再花5分钟思考解决方案。”
“If I had an hour to solve a problem, I’d spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes thinking about solutions.”
“如果你不能向一个六岁的孩子解释,那你自己也不明白。”
“If you can’t explain it to a six year old, you don’t understand it yourself.”
“任何傻瓜都能知道;关键是要理解。”
“Any fool can know. The point is to understand.”
“我不知道第三次世界大战会用什么武器,但第四次世界大战会用棍子和石头。”
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.”
Oct 27, 2021 - Default    No Comments

迦克墩信经 Chalcedon Creed (451)

  1. 我们跟随圣教父,同心合意教导人宣认同一位子,我们的主耶稣基督,有完全的神性,也有完全的人性;
  2. 真是神,也真是人;有理性的灵魂,也有身体;
  3. 按神性说,与父本体相同 (homoousios);按人性说,与我们本体 (substance, essence) 相同,凡事与我们一样,只是没有罪;
  4. 按神性说,在万世之先,为父所生;按人性说,在这末后的日子,为了拯救我们,由「上帝之母」,童女马利亚所生;
  5. 这位基督,既是子,又是主,也是神的独生子;具有二性,不相混乱,不相交换;不能分开,不能离散;
  6. 二性的区别不因联合而消失,各性的特点反而得以保存,会合于一个位格、一个实质 (subsistence) 之内,不是分离成为两个位格,而是同一位子,是神的独生子,是道,是上帝,是主耶稣基督;
  7. 正如众先知一开始论到祂时所讲的,也如主耶稣基督自己所教训我们的,又如诸圣教父的信经所传给我们的。
* homoousios (hoʊməˈuːsiə) = homo 相同 + ousios (οὐσία) 本质
* homoousios (相同本质) ≠ homoiousios (相似本质)
* substance = 物质;本质;本体
* subsistence = 存在 (existence);真实的本体 (real being)
* 「上帝之母」的解释

历史背景
出处:《历代教会信条精选》赵中辉 译

《迦克墩信经》是在 451 A.D. 召开的第四次教会议会中制定的。当时因为产生了许多不同的基督论 (Christology),以致造成东方教会的混乱,其中以涅斯多留 (Nestorius,活跃于428-451 A.D.) 和 犹提干 (Eutyches, 380-456 A.D.) 为最主要的困惑。涅斯多留宣称「基督不单具有神人二性 (two natures),并具有双重位格 (two persons)」;涅氏的本意原是要保持基督人性的完整,但是因为矫枉过正,以致将基督的神人二性分离了。犹提干则站在相对的立场,宣称「基督只有一个位格,但也只有一个性,就是神性」,因为祂的人性已被神性完全吸收了,就好像一滴醋落入大海里消逝一样。因为涅氏已经在431年召开的以弗所会议 (Council of Ephesus) 中被定为异端,所以犹提干就成为这次迦克墩会议 (Council of Chalcedon) 最主要的攻击对象。

两个异端

  • 涅斯多留 (Nestorius):基督二性二位格
  • 犹提干 (Eutyches):基督一性一位格
这次会议的召集人是罗马皇帝马仙 (Marcian, 396-457 A.D.),参加的成员有来自东方教会的主教500人及教皇代表数位。起初大家一致通过接纳《尼西亚信经》、大利欧 (Leo the Great) 的《大捲》 (Tome),和区利罗写给涅氏的信件,以这些作为基督论的正统,并不打算重新制定信经。但是马仙和政府代表认为如果不重新清楚诠释基督论,就不足以解决教会的纷争,于是极力要求重定信仰告白,会议就决定制定《迦克墩信经》。《迦克墩信经》虽然没有解释基督神人二性的奇特性,但是它制定了一个正统的模范,并且显明救恩 (salvation) 之所以可能,正是因为基督是神也是人;因此这份信经成为基督论正统的准则。
《迦克墩信经》有两个重点

(一)极力维护基督单一位格的完整,强调祂是三位一体(Trinity)中的第二位,是神与人在一个生命中实在和不断的合一。

(二)完全强调基督神人二性的分别:从神性而言,基督与父神「同体」(就是「本体相同」,或「本质相同」);但就人性而言,基督又与人类同体;这二性,一方面不相混合、不相吸引──「不相混乱,不相交换」,但另一方面又不可分离──「不能分开,不能离散」,而且这二性存在于同一个位格之内。


「上帝之母」的解释
出处:《迦克墩信经》中的上帝之母:再思基督独一
作者:曾劭恺

正统基督论最重要的信经《迦克墩信经》给予马利亚的称谓「上帝之母」,是经过一番神学激辩后,大公会议作出的裁决,也是历代大公教会所接受的正统。
假如我们说 “马利亚是拿撒勒人耶稣的母亲,但不是圣子上帝的母亲”,我们就等于是把基督的存在分成了两个主体。这等于是在说拿撒勒人耶稣马利亚的儿子,但圣子上帝没有成为马利亚的儿子。这无非是把基督分割成两个位格。因此,当《迦克墩信经》宣告马利亚是「上帝之母」时,其实是在宣告进入马利亚的母腹、由马利亚所生下的那一位,就是圣子的位格,而不是圣子之外的另一个位格。
我们相信一位基督,是上帝的独生子。祂是一个位格、一个存在主体;我们所信的不是两位基督。若不明白这真理,那么讨论基督的神人二性的时候,就很容易落入各种异端的思想。在「一位基督」的基础上,我们才能接着思考基督的神人二性

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